By Confucius
Book of Rites, 禮記 450 BCE
During Qin Shihuang’s short reign, many classic texts were burned in attempts to prevent political opposition. Fortunately though, he died soon after unifying China and Confucian scholars memorized these texts and later recompiled them. The Book of Rites survived this process but also became saddled with different versions and uncertainty about the validity and actual authors. As well as Confucian thought, it combines Daoist and Mohist ideas and was incorporated into Zhu Xi’s Five Classics becoming an integral part of China’s civil examination system from 1313 to 1905.
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