Tao Te Ching
Chiao Hung and the restructuring of in the late Ming
Using the life of Chiao Hung (1540-1620) as a way of describing the late Ming Dynasty intellectual changes that evolved and undermined Neo-Confucianism, this scholastic effort recreates Hung’s emphasis on “evidential research,” a shift from faith to reason. A movement during this time called “Oneness of the Three Teachings” shifted the Taoist/Buddhist/Confucian syncretic balance from more Confucian to more Taoist/Buddhist.
Quotes from Chiao Hung and the restructuring of in the late Ming
“As a synergist who advocated unequivocally the 'oneness of the Three Teachings' and as a member of the T'ai-chou school, known for its radical spirit of iconoclastic independence... Chiao Hung was an active participant in this 'near revolution' in Chinese thought; he was also a critical pioneer in critical studies of the Classics and history”
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“Buddhism was accepted as another aspect of the native Taoism when it was first introduced into China... the Buddha was worshiped together with Confucius in the same temple that also enshrined the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu.”
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“The differences between heresy on the one hand and infidelity, schism, and apostasy on the other suggest that heresy as a Christian concept is necessarily intrasystemic in reference, distinctly doctrinal in orientation an must be an exclusively ecclesiastical determination which on the church has the authority to establish”
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